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Foetal Persistent Left Superior Vena Cava-Not Always a Benign Finding?

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Summary

Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) in fetuses with normal hearts is linked to higher risks of extracardiac and genetic issues. Early, detailed scans and genetic testing are recommended for these cases.

Keywords:
extra‐cardiac structural anomaliesgenetic abnormalitiespersistent left superior vena cava

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Area of Science:

  • Fetal Medicine
  • Cardiology
  • Medical Genetics

Background:

  • Persistent left superior vena cava (PLSVC) is a congenital vascular anomaly.
  • A structurally normal heart in conjunction with PLSVC requires further investigation for associated conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To ascertain the frequency of extracardiac anomalies and genetic variations in fetuses diagnosed with PLSVC and a structurally normal heart.
  • To evaluate the clinical outcomes for these patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of fetuses with prenatal PLSVC diagnosis and structurally normal hearts.
  • Data collected from Electronic Patient Records (EPR) for pregnancy outcomes and one-year infant follow-up.

Main Results:

  • 74 fetuses with PLSVC and structurally normal hearts were analyzed.
  • 25% (19/74) had associated extracardiac structural anomalies.
  • 9.5% (7/74) had genetic abnormalities.

Conclusions:

  • PLSVC in fetuses with structurally normal hearts indicates an elevated risk of extracardiac and genetic abnormalities.
  • Detailed fetal medicine unit (FMU) anatomy scans are recommended for all PLSVC cases.
  • Genetic testing is advised due to the significant incidence of genetic and chromosomal abnormalities.