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Rethinking sarcopenia: a conceptual shift towards a muscle health continuum.

Stany Perkisas1, Kristoffer K Brockhattingen2,3, Ester López Jiménez4

  • 1University Center for Geriatrics, Ziekenhuis Aan de Stroom (ZAS), University of Antwerp, Lindendreef 1, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium. Stany.perkisas@zas.be.

European Geriatric Medicine
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sarcopenia is reframed from a late-stage diagnosis into a lifelong condition, enabling earlier assessment and personalized interventions for improved muscle health. This approach supports preventive strategies and clinical innovation.

Keywords:
AssessmentClassificationDefinitionMuscleSarcopenia

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Muscle Physiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Current sarcopenia guidelines focus on muscle mass, strength, and performance thresholds, limiting early intervention opportunities.
  • Skeletal muscle is a dynamic, multifunctional organ, a characteristic not fully captured by existing diagnostic approaches.
  • Existing frameworks fail to address the heterogeneous and dynamic nature of muscle health and disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reposition sarcopenia within a broader muscle health continuum.
  • To introduce conceptual definitions for muscle health and muscle failure.
  • To establish a framework for earlier assessment and personalized interventions for sarcopenia.

Main Methods:

  • Expert discussions to identify limitations in current sarcopenia approaches.
  • Narrative literature review to complement expert discussions.
  • Development of an integrative conceptual framework for muscle health.

Main Results:

  • A six-stage muscle health continuum is proposed, defining sarcopenia as an advanced pathological state.
  • Conceptual definitions of muscle health and muscle failure are introduced, with causal factors identified for targeted treatment.
  • A framework aligning with the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health is presented, incorporating muscle profile analysis and advanced imaging techniques.

Conclusions:

  • Positioning sarcopenia within a muscle health continuum reframes it as a lifelong condition, not just a geriatric diagnosis.
  • This conceptual shift encourages earlier assessment, preventive strategies, and individualized interventions.
  • The proposed framework aims to drive future research, clinical innovation, and guideline evolution for better patient outcomes.