Biomass-Derived N/S Co-Doped Carbon with Integrated Disordered and Ordered Structures for High-Performance Dual-Ion...

Dual-ion batteries (DIBs) based on the dual-insertion mechanism exhibit the inherent advantages of high operating voltage, low cost, and environmental friendliness. Carbonaceous materials with high conductivity, abundant resources, and facile synthesis procedures are regarded as promising candidate anodes. The key challenges faced by carbonaceous anodes are poor reversible capacity, rate performance, and cyclic life owing to the limited active sites, unstable structure, and slow reaction kinetics. Herein, biomass-derived N/S co-doped porous carbons (N/S-PCs) are innovatively employed as the high-performance anode for advanced DIBs. The optimized N/S-PCs exhibit a unique composite hybrid structure of locally disordered non-graphitized amorphous regions and long-range ordered graphitized nanodomains, which remarkably enhance the structural stability and Li⁺ storage behavior. Theoretical calculations confirm that the N/S co-doping effect improves the ionic/electronic conductivity and Li⁺ adsorption capability while providing additional storage active sites. The proof-of-concept DIBs not only deliver an ultra-high specific discharge capacity of 424.3 mAh g^{- 1} and a long cycling life of 2100 cycles with a degradation rate of 0.00015 per cycle, but also demonstrate superior practicality with low self-discharge and high charging safety. This achievement offers an exemplary advanced carbon material for energy storage applications, highlighting the superiority of N/S-PCs in DIBs.