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The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress
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Pathogen avoidance versus anger: the motivation underlying Asian hate.

Amy J Lim1, Nicole F Ko2, Jose Yong3

  • 1Murdoch University.

The Journal of Social Psychology
|April 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Following the COVID-19 pandemic, anger, not pathogen avoidance, drove discriminatory and aggressive behaviors against Asian individuals. This study uncovers the true motives behind pandemic-related anti-Asian antagonism.

Keywords:
AngerAsian hateCOVID-19discriminationoutgroup biasespathogen avoidance

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Public Health
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Reports indicate increased discrimination and violence against Asian individuals in the US and Western Europe post-COVID-19.
  • Antagonism towards Asians appears contradictory to pathogen avoidance, as attacks involve close contact, increasing infection risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the underlying motives for antagonism against individuals of Asian descent during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • To address the contradiction between apparent pathogen avoidance and discriminatory actions.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized principles of pathogen avoidance and intergroup behavior theories.
  • Analyzed predictors of discriminatory and aggressive behaviors against individuals of Asian descent.

Main Results:

  • Both pathogen avoidance and anger predicted discriminatory behaviors against Asians.
  • Anger emerged as a stronger predictor of discrimination than pathogen avoidance.
  • Anger, specifically, predicted aggressive discrimination, while pathogen avoidance did not.

Conclusions:

  • Anger is a significant driver of discriminatory and aggressive behaviors targeting individuals of Asian descent during the COVID-19 pandemic.
  • Pathogen avoidance alone does not adequately explain the observed antagonism.
  • Findings highlight the complex interplay of emotions and social dynamics in pandemic-related prejudice.