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Factor XII Deficiency and Thrombosis Risk: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Maximiliano Correa Lara1, Jaime García Chavez2, Erika Martinez Hernandez2

  • 1Centro Médico Nacional, La Raza, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City, Mexico; Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.

Archives of Medical Research
|April 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Factor XII (FXII) deficiency does not significantly increase the risk of thromboembolic events. This study found no reliable association between FXII deficiency and thrombosis, though FXII remains a potential therapeutic target.

Keywords:
Deep vein thrombosisFactor XII deficiencyMeta-analysisMyocardial infarctionThrombosisVenous thromboembolism

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Thrombosis Research
  • Coagulation Factor Studies

Background:

  • Factor XII (FXII) initiates the intrinsic coagulation pathway.
  • FXII deficiency is not linked to bleeding disorders.
  • Experimental data suggest FXII deficiency may offer protection against thrombosis, but human studies yield conflicting results on its association with venous or arterial thromboembolic events.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and meta-analyze human studies evaluating the association between Factor XII deficiency and thromboembolic events.
  • To clarify the role of FXII deficiency in the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and myocardial infarction (MI).

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review and meta-analysis adhering to PRISMA guidelines were performed.
  • Searches were conducted across Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library up to August 2025.
  • Pooled risk ratios (RRs) and odds ratios (ORs) were calculated using random-effects models for eligible studies comparing patients with FXII deficiency and controls.

Main Results:

  • Six studies involving 5,003 individuals met the inclusion criteria.
  • The primary meta-analysis of five studies (1,704 cases, 1,790 controls) showed a pooled RR of 1.34 (95% CI: 0.99-1.81) for thromboembolic events.
  • Secondary analyses for DVT and pooled adjusted ORs did not reveal a significant association between FXII deficiency and thromboembolic risk.

Conclusions:

  • Factor XII deficiency is not significantly associated with an increased risk of thromboembolic events.
  • FXII deficiency is not a reliable clinical marker for thrombosis.
  • Factor XII remains a potential therapeutic target for thrombotic disorders.