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Updated: Apr 28, 2026
NiO Nanoflowers for Non-Enzymatic Amperometric Detection of Glucose
Published on: December 30, 2025
Multi-walled carbon nanotube buckypaper with covalently bound NAD+ and immobilized glucose dehydrogenase for
Tomasz Rębiś1, Sebastian Abarca2, Raul Moscoso2
1Redox Processes Research Center (CiPRex) and Organic and Physical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Chile Postal code, Santiago, 838492, Chile; Institute of Chemistry and Technical Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Berdychowo 4, Poznan, PL-60965, Poland.
Abstract:
We report a novel bioelectrode architecture for glucose detection, integrating multi-walled carbon nanotube buckypaper (BP), glucose dehydrogenase (GDH), and covalently immobilized NAD+. The BP was first functionalized with nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), a naturally occurring quinone, to introduce redox-active anchoring sites. Subsequently, an electrochemical Michael addition of 3-aminophenylboronic acid (3-APBA), pre-complexed with NAD+, enabled the covalent attachment of NAD+ to the surface. This molecular design yielded a robust enzyme electrode operating without exogenous NAD+, thereby eliminating the need for cofactor supplementation during measurements. The resulting sensor demonstrated efficient glucose detection in the 0.1-10 mM range, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 22 μM, and exhibited reliable performance in human serum. This strategy offers a versatile and scalable route for the development of reagentless NAD+-dependent biosensing platforms for glucose determination.
