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Related Concept Videos

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:15

Ischemic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

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An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
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Stem Cell Therapy for Tissue Regeneration01:21

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Stem cell therapy is a method used in regenerative medicine to repair and restore function to damaged tissues and organs. Stem cells have the potential to proliferate and differentiate into various tissue types, making them ideal candidates for tissue regeneration. For example, hematopoietic stem cell transplants are commonly used in blood cancer treatment to replenish damaged bone marrow and restore healthy blood cells.
Types of Stem Cells used in Stem Cell Therapy
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells01:19

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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are adult stem cells that can differentiate into most connective tissue cell types, except for hematopoietic cells, depending upon the source of MSCs. For example, bone-marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) can differentiate into osteocytes, hepatocytes, and pancreatic and neuronal cells. MSCs can be isolated from various sources such as bone marrow, placenta, adipose tissue, teeth, and Wharton’s jelly, a gelatinous substance in the umbilical cord. The ease of their...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

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Mesenchymal stem cells therapy for Ischaemic stroke: Mechanism and progress.

Siyu Li1, Huiyuan Huang2, Weinlin Deng1

  • 1Department of Neurology, The No. 924 Hospital of the Joint Logistic Support Force of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Guilin, China.

Experimental Neurology
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PubMed
Summary

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) offer a promising regenerative therapy for ischemic stroke, addressing inflammation and promoting repair beyond acute treatments. MSCs target multifaceted pathophysiology for improved long-term functional recovery.

Keywords:
Functional recoveryIschaemic strokeIschemic cascadeMesenchymal stem cellsNeuroprotection

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Regenerative Medicine
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Ischemic stroke is a major cause of death and disability globally.
  • Current acute treatments like thrombolysis and thrombectomy have limitations, including narrow therapeutic windows and incomplete addressing of sustained neurovascular injury and inflammation.
  • These limitations highlight the need for novel strategies that promote endogenous repair and functional recovery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive analysis of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as a regenerative strategy for ischemic stroke.
  • To explore the multimodal mechanisms of action of MSCs, including their paracrine effects on inflammation and neurovascular plasticity.
  • To synthesize preclinical and clinical evidence, discuss translational challenges, and outline future directions for MSC-based stroke therapies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical studies and clinical trials investigating MSCs for ischemic stroke.
  • Analysis of MSCs sources (bone marrow, umbilical cord, adipose tissue) and their mechanisms of action.
  • Examination of MSCs' role in modulating the immune microenvironment and promoting tissue regeneration.

Main Results:

  • MSCs exert therapeutic effects primarily through multimodal paracrine actions, including immune modulation and promotion of pro-repair macrophage phenotypes.
  • MSCs enhance neurovascular plasticity and tissue regeneration via bioactive factors and extracellular vesicles.
  • Preclinical and clinical data suggest MSCs hold significant potential for improving long-term functional recovery in stroke patients.

Conclusions:

  • MSCs represent a promising regenerative approach for ischemic stroke, targeting key aspects of pathophysiology beyond acute revascularization.
  • MSC-based therapies have the potential to address sustained neurovascular injury, inflammation, and insufficient repair, leading to improved functional outcomes.
  • Further research and clinical trials are needed to overcome translational challenges and fully realize the potential of MSCs in stroke care.