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Related Concept Videos

Gastrulation01:56

Gastrulation

52.7K
Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata...
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The chicken embryo as a model for developmental genomics.

Nagif Alata Jimenez1, Marcos Simoes-Costa1

  • 1Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.

Developmental Biology
|April 26, 2026
PubMed
Summary

The chicken embryo is a key model for developmental biology. Genomic tools now enhance its use for studying gene regulation in vivo, advancing vertebrate development research.

Keywords:
Chicken embryoChromatin accessibilityCis-regulatory elementsDevelopmental genomicsGene regulatory networksVertebrate development

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Genomics
  • Epigenomics

Background:

  • The chicken embryo has been a long-standing model in developmental biology due to its experimental accessibility.
  • External development allows direct observation and manipulation of embryonic tissues, crucial for understanding cell fate and morphogenesis.
  • Genomic technologies have overcome limitations in forward genetics, enhancing the chick's role in functional and regulatory genomics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how genomic and epigenomic approaches have transformed the chicken embryo model.
  • To highlight advancements in understanding genome organization and regulatory element function.
  • To showcase the experimental toolkit for studying developmental gene regulation in vivo.

Main Methods:

  • Leveraging high-throughput genomic and epigenomic assays (gene expression, chromatin accessibility, transcription factor binding).
  • Utilizing the chicken genome sequence for in vivo functional genomics studies.
  • Employing systematic perturbation and comparative genomics analyses.

Main Results:

  • Genomic approaches have repositioned the chicken embryo as a powerful platform for regulatory genomics.
  • Advances include detailed insights into genome organization and regulatory element function.
  • The chick's compact genome and evolutionary position facilitate high-quality assays and comparative studies.

Conclusions:

  • Genomic and epigenomic technologies have revitalized the chicken embryo as a model system.
  • These approaches enable mechanistic studies of developmental gene regulation in vivo.
  • The chicken embryo remains a valuable and increasingly powerful tool for vertebrate developmental biology.