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Digital Psychiatry with Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality: Recent Advances and Limitations.

June Ho Chang¹, Yoo Jin Jang¹, Se Chang Yoon¹

¹Department of Psychiatry, Depression Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.

Clinical Psychopharmacology and Neuroscience : the Official Scientific Journal of the Korean College of Neuropsychopharmacology

|April 26, 2026

Summary

Virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) show significant promise in digital psychiatry, effectively treating anxiety, phobias, and improving skills in autism spectrum disorder. Further research is needed to integrate these immersive technologies into routine clinical care.

Keywords:

Anxiety disorders Augmented reality Digital health Psychiatry Virtual reality

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Area of Science:

Digital Psychiatry
Immersive Technologies
Neuroscience

Background:

Digital psychiatry is rapidly advancing with immersive technologies like virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR).
These technologies offer controlled, engaging, and ecologically valid interventions for various psychiatric disorders.
VR and AR applications span assessment, therapy, and rehabilitation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current evidence on VR and AR applications in psychiatry.
To synthesize findings from systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and randomized controlled trials.
To identify the efficacy, challenges, and future directions of immersive technologies in psychiatric care.

Main Methods:

A narrative synthesis approach was employed.
Literature search included PubMed, Google Scholar, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and randomized controlled trials.
Seminal earlier works were also incorporated.

Main Results:

VR therapies show robust efficacy for anxiety disorders and phobias with large effect sizes.
Virtual reality exposure therapy is effective for post-traumatic stress disorder.
VR and AR interventions significantly enhance cognitive, social, and communication skills in autism spectrum disorder.
AR applications show promise for cognitive assessment in Alzheimer's disease and rehabilitation for ADHD and neurodevelopmental disorders.

Conclusions:

VR and AR are innovative tools with growing empirical support in psychiatric practice.
Challenges include small sample sizes, short follow-up periods, and protocol heterogeneity.
Standardized protocols, large-scale trials, and long-term studies are crucial for clinical integration.