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Related Concept Videos

Protecting Self-Esteem01:27

Protecting Self-Esteem

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Self-esteem, a central component of psychological well-being, is actively maintained through various cognitive and behavioral strategies. Individuals employ specific mechanisms to preserve a positive self-concept and mitigate threats to their self-worth, particularly in contexts involving social evaluation or personal feedback. Four primary techniques are commonly used to sustain self-esteem.Manipulating AppraisalsOne prominent strategy involves manipulating appraisals from others. Individuals...
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Interpersonal relationships progress through stages, beginning with awareness and moving toward mutuality, where emotional connections deepen. While many relationships remain at moderate levels of mutuality, deeper connections form through self-disclosure, trust, and interdependence.Self-DisclosureSelf-disclosure involves revealing personal information, starting with surface-level details and gradually progressing to more intimate content. As trust grows, individuals feel more comfortable...
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Self-Evaluation Maintenance Model01:29

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The Self-Evaluation Maintenance (SEM) model offers a psychological framework to understand how individuals’ self-esteem is influenced by the achievements of others, particularly those with whom they share close personal bonds. The SEM model operates when personal rather than social identity guides individuals. Central to this model is the notion that individuals have an inherent desire to preserve a favorable self-image, which is continuously shaped by interpersonal comparisons and...
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Coping Strategies: Emotion Focused01:20

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Emotion-focused coping refers to a set of strategies aimed at managing the emotional impact of stressors, rather than directly addressing their causes. This approach involves altering one's emotional response to stressful situations to reduce their psychological effects. For example, individuals might talk with a friend or engage in activities like journaling to express their feelings. Such actions can help achieve emotional clarity or release, providing the psychological stability needed...
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Sources of Self-Esteem III: Social Comparison01:27

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Social comparison plays a fundamental role in the evaluation of personal success and self-worth. Rather than assessing our achievements in isolation, we interpret their significance relative to personal goals and critically in comparison to the performance of others. A grade of B in a mathematics exam might elicit pride if one's expectation was a C, yet result in disappointment if an A was anticipated or if peers achieved superior results. These comparative evaluations illustrate how both...
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Self-discrepancy theory explains how people compare their actual self to their ideal and ought selves and how mismatches between these self-guides can lead to emotional distress. Developed by E. Tory Higgins, the theory distinguishes among three components of self-concept: the actual self, the ideal self, and the ought self. These refer respectively to how individuals perceive themselves, how they aspire to be, and how they believe they are obligated to be. Emotional well-being, self-esteem,...
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Updated: Apr 28, 2026

The Social Dimension of Stress: Experimental Manipulations of Social Support and Social Identity in the Trier Social Stress Test
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Self-Esteem and Supportive Dyadic Coping in Intimate Relationships.

Elisa Weber1, Guy Bodenmann1

  • 1University of Zurich, Switzerland.

Personality & Social Psychology Bulletin
|April 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Self-esteem (SE) and supportive dyadic coping in relationships influence each other over time. Higher SE may improve support, while mutual support can enhance SE, demonstrating a reciprocal connection.

Keywords:
dyadic copingintimate relationshipsintraindividual changelongitudinalself-esteem

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Psychology
  • Relationship Science

Background:

  • Previous studies show links between self-esteem (SE) and support in couples.
  • Limited research exists on how changes in SE and supportive dyadic coping affect each other within individuals over time.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the reciprocal prospective relationship between self-esteem (SE) and supportive dyadic coping in intimate partner relationships.
  • To test theories suggesting SE and dyadic coping influence each other dynamically over time.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized 14 waves of nationally representative data from 13,683 young adults in Germany.
  • Employed random intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPM) to analyze longitudinal within-person associations.

Main Results:

  • Found significant reciprocal within-person effects between SE and both one's own and partner's supportive dyadic coping.
  • Demonstrated that SE and supportive interactions dynamically influence each other over time.

Conclusions:

  • High self-esteem (SE) may foster positive support interactions in intimate relationships.
  • Providing and receiving support during stress can enhance partners' SE in the long term.
  • Supportive interactions and SE development are intertwined in intimate relationships.