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Related Concept Videos

Diabetic Foot Ulcer01:31

Diabetic Foot Ulcer

29
Definition A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic, non-healing wound that develops in individuals with diabetes. It typically occurs on pressure-bearing areas such as the heel, metatarsal heads, or hallux, and carries a high risk of infection and amputation.Pathophysiology • The development of DFUs can be explained by four interconnected mechanisms: neuropathy, ischemia, infection, and impaired wound healing. • Neuropathy is the most common factor. Sensory...
29
Diabetic Nephropathy01:28

Diabetic Nephropathy

28
Definition Diabetic nephropathy is a chronic kidney complication that results from prolonged hyperglycemia.Prevalence It is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) worldwide, affecting up to half of individuals with diabetes.Pathophysiology • Sustained hyperglycemia triggers multiple hemodynamic and metabolic changes in the kidney. • Early in the disease, increased renal blood flow and glomerular hyperfiltration...
28
Dosage Regimen Designs: Nomograms and Tabulations01:23

Dosage Regimen Designs: Nomograms and Tabulations

351
Nomograms and tabulations are vital tools used by clinicians to design accurate and individualized dosage regimens. These instruments provide a straightforward method for adjusting dosages based on individual patient characteristics, including age, weight, and physiological condition. The foundation of a drug's nomogram is population pharmacokinetic data collected and analyzed using specific models. This data simplifies complex equations, presenting them diagrammatically or tabularly for easy...
351
Diabetic Neuropathy01:22

Diabetic Neuropathy

49
DefinitionDiabetic neuropathy is nerve damage caused by long-standing diabetes mellitus. It results directly from prolonged high blood sugar levels.PathophysiologyThe pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy involves both metabolic and vascular disturbances triggered by chronic hyperglycemia.Metabolic injury: Elevated glucose levels activate the polyol pathway within nerve cells, leading to the accumulation of sorbitol and fructose. This increases oxidative stress, disrupts normal nerve...
49
Impact of Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Models: Regulatory Decisions01:15

Impact of Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic Models: Regulatory Decisions

97
PK–PD modeling has significantly influenced FDA regulatory decisions, particularly drug approval, dosage optimization, and labeling. These models integrate pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) to predict drug behavior and effects, aiding in optimizing dosing regimens and enhancing the probability of clinical trial success.One notable example is Nesiritide (Natrecor®), a recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide for treating acute decompensated congestive heart failure...
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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection01:26

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

14.1K
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Come to the Light Side: In Vivo Monitoring of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Infections in Chronic Wounds in a Diabetic Hairless Murine Model
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Risk Factors and Nomogram Model for Multidrug-Resistant Bacterial Infections in Diabetic Foot Wounds.

Guangzhe Meng1,2, Liye Hu2, Xuan Gao2

  • 1Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.

International Wound Journal
|April 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diabetic foot infections are often caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB). Key risk factors include wound size, prior hospitalizations, and low protein levels, aiding in predicting MDRB infection risk.

Keywords:
diabetic footmultidrug‐resistant bacterianomogram modelrisk factors

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Diabetology
  • Medical Informatics

Background:

  • Diabetic foot (DF) infections pose a significant challenge, with multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB) complicating treatment and outcomes.
  • Identifying risk factors for MDRB infection in DF wounds is crucial for timely intervention and improved patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the risk factors associated with multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB) infection in diabetic foot (DF) wounds.
  • To develop and validate a nomogram model for predicting the risk of MDRB infection in patients with DF.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 157 patients with DF from January 2013 to December 2023.
  • Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to identify independent risk factors for MDRB infection.
  • Construction of a predictive nomogram model using identified risk factors and assessment of its performance using the ROC curve.

Main Results:

  • Multivariate analysis identified wound area, previous hospitalization, prior antibacterial agent use, lower extremity ischemia grade, and hypoproteinemia as independent risk factors for MDRB infection in DF wounds (p < 0.05).
  • The developed nomogram model, incorporating these five factors, demonstrated good predictive performance with an Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC) of 0.863.

Conclusions:

  • Wound area, prior hospitalization, previous antibacterial use, lower extremity ischemia grade, and hypoproteinemia are significant independent risk factors for MDRB infection in diabetic foot wounds.
  • The constructed nomogram model offers a valuable tool for predicting MDRB infection risk in diabetic foot patients, facilitating targeted prevention and treatment strategies.