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Molecular chirality significantly impacts biomaterials. Researchers found L-glycopeptide assemblies exhibit superior antibacterial and immunomodulatory effects compared to D-enantiomers, offering potential for treating bone infections.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Chemical Biology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Molecular chirality is vital in drug design, affecting toxicity and stability.
  • The influence of chirality on peptide- and saccharide-based materials interacting with pathogens and immune cells requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how molecular chirality influences the antibacterial and immunomodulatory activities of glycopeptide-based biomaterials.
  • To compare the efficacy of L-FFK-β-D-Gal and D-FFK-β-D-Gal isomers as potential biomimetic antibiotics.

Main Methods:

  • Selective design and synthesis of L-FFK-β-D-Gal and D-FFK-β-D-Gal glycopeptide isomers.
  • In vitro assessment of antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
  • In vivo evaluation of glycopeptide assemblies in reducing bone infections.
  • Analysis of mechanisms including bacterial membrane permeability, energy metabolism, and immune response.

Main Results:

  • L-FFK-β-D-Gal assemblies demonstrated stronger bactericidal activity than D-enantiomers against both bacterial types.
  • Enhanced antibacterial effects were linked to increased membrane permeability, disrupted energy metabolism, and inhibited amino acid biosynthesis.
  • In vivo studies confirmed effective reduction of bone infections via direct bacterial elimination and chirality-dependent immune responses.

Conclusions:

  • Chiral glycopeptide assemblies possess significant antibacterial and immunomodulatory properties.
  • The L-enantiomer of glycopeptides shows enhanced efficacy, highlighting the importance of molecular chirality in biomaterial design.
  • Chiral glycopeptide-based antibacterial immunotherapy presents a promising strategy for treating infectious osteomyelitis.