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Non-native fish invasions flatten body size spectra in lakes, with impacts varying by trophic level and temperature. Lower-level invaders reduce native biomass, while predators alter size structure, especially in warmer waters.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Invasive Species Biology
  • Freshwater Ecology

Background:

  • Body size spectrum (size distribution) links individual traits to community structure and ecosystem functions.
  • It serves as an indicator of anthropogenic impacts.
  • The effect of biological invasions on size spectra is understudied.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate non-native (NN) fish invasion impacts on lacustrine fish community size structure.
  • Analyze how trophic position and temperature modulate these effects.
  • Understand invasion mechanisms and predict future impacts.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzed 667 lacustrine fish communities across climatic regions.
  • Assessed body size spectrum exponents and native biomass.
  • Correlated invasion pressure, trophic position, and temperature with community metrics.

Main Results:

  • Higher invasion pressure resulted in flatter size spectrum exponents.
  • Non-native species from lower trophic levels had greater impacts than piscivores.
  • Piscivore NNs and lower trophic level NNs interacted with temperature to alter size spectra and biomass, respectively.
  • Warmer temperatures intensified size-selective predation by NN piscivores.
  • Competition from lower trophic level NNs reduced native fish abundance, especially in colder lakes.

Conclusions:

  • Non-native fish invasions significantly alter freshwater fish community size structure.
  • Trophic position and temperature-dependent mechanisms drive these changes.
  • Findings help predict invasion impacts on ecosystem functions under global change.