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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels

Published on: August 7, 2017

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), United States, 2023-2024.

Ami B Shah^1,2, Katherine N Lindsey^1,3, Laura D Zambrano¹

¹Coronavirus and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

|April 27, 2026

Summary

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) remains rare after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Analysis shows most MIS-C cases in vaccine-eligible children occurred in those not up-to-date with COVID-19 vaccination.

Keywords:

COVID-19 MIS-C Multisystem inflammatory syndrome Pediatric Surveillance

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Last Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels

Noninvasive Sampling of Mucosal Lining Fluid for the Quantification of In Vivo Upper Airway Immune-mediator Levels

Published on: August 7, 2017

Separation of Immune Cell Subpopulations in Peripheral Blood Samples from Children with Infectious Mononucleosis

Separation of Immune Cell Subpopulations in Peripheral Blood Samples from Children with Infectious Mononucleosis

Published on: September 7, 2022

Area of Science:

Pediatric infectious diseases
Immunology
Public health

Background:

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a rare but serious condition following SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Sporadic cases of MIS-C continue to be reported globally.
Understanding the epidemiology and risk factors for MIS-C is crucial for public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the clinical presentation and vaccination status of children diagnosed with MIS-C between 2023 and 2024.
To identify trends in MIS-C cases and their association with COVID-19 vaccination status.
To inform vaccination recommendations for preventing MIS-C.

Main Methods:

Retrospective analysis of MIS-C cases reported between 2023-2024.
Review of clinical data, including symptoms and disease severity.
Assessment of COVID-19 vaccination status in affected children.

Main Results:

The clinical presentation of MIS-C showed little change between 2023 and 2024.
Among children eligible for vaccination, 99% of MIS-C cases occurred in those not up-to-date with their COVID-19 vaccinations.
This highlights a strong association between vaccination status and MIS-C risk.

Conclusions:

MIS-C continues to be a rare complication of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Maintaining up-to-date COVID-19 vaccination is critical for preventing MIS-C in eligible children.
Public health efforts should emphasize vaccination to mitigate MIS-C incidence.