Peripartum Cardiomyopathy in India

Area of Science:

• Cardiology
• Obstetrics
• Maternal-Fetal Medicine

Background:

• Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is left ventricular systolic dysfunction near delivery or postpartum.
• Delayed recognition in India due to symptom overlap with pregnancy leads to advanced disease.
• PPCM poses a significant risk for maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate the clinical characteristics of PPCM.
• To assess echocardiographic findings and management strategies.
• To determine maternal-neonatal outcomes in PPCM cases at a tertiary center.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective observational study of 11 women diagnosed with PPCM.
• Analysis of demographic data, risk factors, clinical presentation, and echocardiographic findings.
• Review of management protocols and maternal-neonatal outcomes.

Main Results:

• Mean maternal age 27.4 years; 90.9% unbooked referrals, 54.5% antepartum presentation.
• Breathlessness common (90.9%), NYHA class III-IV (90.9%); Preeclampsia frequent (54.5%).
• Mean LVEF 35.3%, severe dysfunction in 50%; high ICU admission, mechanical ventilation, and cardiogenic shock rates. Maternal mortality 9.1%.

Conclusions:

• PPCM is under-recognized but life-threatening, often presenting with severe LV dysfunction.
• Timely multidisciplinary management leads to significant recovery of left ventricular function in most survivors (80% at 6 months).
• Improved maternal and neonatal outcomes require increased clinical awareness, early diagnosis, and structured follow-up.