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Stereotactic Radiosurgery: Fundamentals and A Historical Vignette
Maria Angelica Guevara1, Juan Diego Zerpa Urdaneta2, Valentina Zorro3
1Neurosurgery, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud, Bogotá, COL.
Cureus
|April 27, 2026
Summary
Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) offers a minimally invasive treatment for brain lesions using focused radiation. This technique is a safe alternative to conventional surgery, especially for difficult-to-reach brain areas.
Area of Science:
- Neurosurgery
- Radiation Oncology
- Medical Physics
Background:
- Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) utilizes high-dose ionizing radiation for intracranial lesion treatment.
- Its development traces from early radiological technology to advanced radiation physics.
- Key advancements include Gamma Knife, adapted linear accelerators (LINAC), and CyberKnife systems.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive historical review of stereotactic radiosurgery.
- To detail the evolution of major SRS prototypes and their technical aspects.
- To evaluate the clinical outcomes and applications of SRS in practice.
Main Methods:
- Historical review of radiological technology and radiation physics.
- Description of SRS prototype evolution (Gamma Knife, LINAC, CyberKnife).
- Analysis of technical characteristics, clinical results, and indications.
Main Results:
- SRS has evolved significantly from its origins.
- Prototypes like Gamma Knife, LINAC, and CyberKnife demonstrate distinct technical features.
- SRS shows efficacy and safety in treating intracranial lesions, particularly in eloquent brain areas.
Conclusions:
- Stereotactic radiosurgery is a valuable neurosurgical tool.
- It provides a safe and effective alternative to open surgery for specific brain lesions.
- SRS is particularly advantageous for treating lesions in critical brain regions, minimizing surgical risks.
