Medullary Carcinoma of the Colon: A Case Report

Medullary colon carcinoma (MCC) is a rare neoplasm that differs from conventional adenocarcinoma in clinical, histological, and molecular aspects. We present the case of a 68-year-old man with no significant medical history. Physical examination revealed a distended abdomen, painful on superficial and deep palpation. A pelvic and abdominal computed axial tomography (CT) scan with S/C IV contrast reported a solid tumor lesion with lobulated contours, located intraluminally within the cecum and part of the ascending colon, measuring 80 mm. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy and right hemicolectomy, revealing a tumor of the ascending colon approximately 8 cm in diameter, involving the cecum and proximal region of the ascending colon. The histopathological and immunophenotypic report revealed a medullary carcinoma of the colon. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, and the patient remains asymptomatic during follow-up. Given the low frequency of this neoplasm, this case highlights an appropriate approach and management based on scientific evidence, taking into account that timely and definitive surgical treatment allows tumor excision with adequate oncological margins, which can be complemented with adjuvant chemotherapy in advanced stages.