Orientin and Cancer Suppression: Molecular Mechanisms and Synergistic Effects

Orientin, a C-glycosyl flavonoid (luteolin-8-C-glucoside) naturally present in plants such as Ocimum sanctum (holy basil), Trollius chinensis, rooibos tea, and Passiflora species, exhibits a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects. In cancer research, orientin has been identified as a potent natural compound that can regulate several fundamental hallmarks of tumor progression, including excessive cell proliferation, resistance to apoptosis, angiogenic signaling, and metastatic dissemination. This review highlights orientin as a low-toxicity, naturally derived flavonoid that is generally well tolerated by healthy cells and may offer cytoprotective and antioxidant benefits, in contrast to conventional chemotherapeutics that often damage normal tissue, while selectively targeting cancer cells. The underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for orientin's inhibition of cancer progression, as well as its potential synergy with other therapies, are summarized. Collectively, these properties suggest a favorable pharmacological profile, supporting its consideration for clinical applications, especially in combination treatment approaches.