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Updated: Apr 28, 2026

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Experimental study of fluid-thermal-structural interactions in a Mach-10 compression corner using super-ellipse-based

Travis A Duchene1, Antonio G Schöneich1, Brett F Bathel2

  • 1Department of Aerospace Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742 USA.

Experiments in Fluids
|April 27, 2026
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This study investigated fluid-thermal-structural interactions on a compliant panel under shock-wave/boundary-layer interaction (SWBLI) at Mach 10. Panel deformations significantly altered its vibration modes, with higher frequency modes showing decreased vibrational amplitude as the panel heated.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid Dynamics
  • Aeroelasticity
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Shock-wave/boundary-layer interaction (SWBLI) is critical in high-speed flight.
  • Compliant panels are susceptible to aero-thermal loads, affecting structural integrity.
  • Understanding panel response to SWBLI is crucial for aerospace applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the fluid-thermal-structural interaction of a clamped compliant panel under Mach 10 SWBLI.
  • To characterize the panel's surface response, deformation, and modal behavior under aero-thermal loading.
  • To analyze the influence of ramp angle and pressure differential on panel dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental study of a clamped compliant panel exposed to SWBLI induced by a compression ramp at Mach 10.
  • Flowfield measurements using a rigid ramp to characterize the boundary layer and SWBLI.
  • Full-field, time-resolved panel deformation measurement using high-speed photogrammetry with a novel marker-tracking routine.
  • SolidWorks simulations to analyze panel curvature effects on mode shapes.

Main Results:

  • Transitional boundary layer and variable SWBLI (attached to fully separated) observed with increasing ramp angle.
  • Significant static panel deformations (several times panel thickness) occurred due to aero-thermal loads.
  • Panel deformations and gradients modified existing panel modes and introduced new, irregular shapes due to curvature.
  • Increasing ramp angle excited more panel modes; increasing pressure differential increased modal frequencies and decreased amplitudes.
  • Lower frequency modes increased in frequency with heating and deformation, while higher frequency modes (>3 kHz) decreased.

Conclusions:

  • Fluid-thermal-structural interaction significantly alters compliant panel dynamics under intense SWBLI.
  • Panel curvature plays a crucial role in generating complex, non-classical mode shapes.
  • Transient thermal and deformation effects lead to frequency shifts in panel vibration modes.