Maternal experiences and family dynamics following Down syndrome diagnosis in Saudi Arabia

Down syndrome (DS) is a genetic condition characterized by developmental delays and congenital irregularities. Parents of children with DS face significant psychological challenges, with the method of diagnosis delivery critically influencing their initial reactions and long-term coping strategies.

This study aimed to investigate the emotional impact on mothers following a DS diagnosis in their child.

A cross-sectional study was conducted with 161 mothers of children with DS in Saudi Arabia. Participants completed a survey assessing demographic characteristics, emotional experiences upon diagnosis, and the impact on family and social life. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Pearson's chi-square tests.

Most participants were Saudi nationals (80.5%). Most mothers were aged 30-40 years at childbirth, while their husbands were typically 40-50 years old. A substantial proportion of mothers (41.6%) reported marital tension, with 58.3% of these experiencing a weakened partner bond. Lack of emotional support from partners was reported by 63.3% of participants. Key correlations revealed that detailed diagnostic explanations were associated with reduced maternal self-blame (p = 0.007), while maternal acceptance correlated with decreased persistent anxiety (p = 0.0001).

The findings highlight the critical importance of compassionate, clear diagnosis delivery and comprehensive support for mothers of children with DS. Healthcare providers should prioritize empathetic communication and provide adequate resources, while also encouraging mutual support between partners to mitigate stress and promote child acceptance. These measures are essential for improving family outcomes following a DS diagnosis.