The prairie vole gut-brain-microbiota-axis: a narrative review

The microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) has garnered considerable attention for its role in health, disease, and higher psychological processes. One area of particular importance is the relationship between the MGBA and stress. Although numerous animal models are suitable for research on stress, the number suitable for research on the impact of social stressors with translatability to humans is limited. The prairie vole is regarded as an ideal organism for probing the impact of social stress, as these animals not only exhibit social behaviours rare in mammals but also lack many drawbacks that come with using non-human primates. Moreover, the neurophysiological basis of their social behaviours is well characterized, and numerous studies have examined the impact of social stress, particularly social isolation, on these animals. However, only a limited number of studies have examined the prairie vole gastrointestinal system, intestinal microbiome, or MGBA. Consequently, this leaves ample opportunity for future research. In this review article, we summarize basic aspects of prairie vole ecology, behaviour, and neurophysiology, then review the limited but valuable body of research examining the gastrointestinal system and microbiome of prairie voles. Additionally, we note potential challenges and opportunities for future MGBA research utilizing prairie voles.