Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Oromucosal as an Alternative Method for Administration of Cannabis Products in Rodents
Published on: August 22, 2025
Novel liquid-based approaches for transmucosal drug delivery
Daniélle van Staden1, Hendrik J R Lemmer1, Wilna Liebenberg1
1Centre of Excellence for Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom 2531, South Africa.
Novel liquid drug delivery systems offer targeted transmucosal administration, overcoming common drug development failures. These advanced formulations aim for improved efficacy and safety across mucosal barriers.
Area of Science:
- Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Biotechnology
- Drug Delivery
Background:
- Drug discovery yields promising candidates, but poor physicochemical properties cause market failure.
- Targeted transmucosal drug delivery offers a solution to avoid off-target effects and improve drug efficacy.
- Liquid-based systems show potential for enhanced mucosal drug delivery compared to solids.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review novel liquid-based formulation approaches for transmucosal drug delivery.
- To highlight advanced liquid drug delivery systems crossing ocular, nasal, oromucosal, and vaginal barriers.
- To discuss progress toward clinical translation of these systems.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent advancements in liquid-based drug delivery systems.
- Analysis of formulation strategies for overcoming mucosal barriers.
- Evaluation of progress in clinical translation for transmucosal applications.
Main Results:
- Development of diverse liquid dosage forms including ionic liquids, liquid crystals, and nanoemulsions.
- Demonstration of superior spreadability and potential for prolonged retention with liquid systems.
- Identification of regulatory challenges for liquid dosage forms (preservation, sterility, stability).
Conclusions:
- Liquid-based drug delivery systems present a promising platform for transmucosal administration.
- Further development is needed to address regulatory hurdles for clinical translation.
- These advanced systems could revolutionize future transmucosal drug development.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Drug Delivery: Enteral Route
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
Drug Delivery: Overview
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
Routes of Drug Administration: Enteral
Enteral administration involves drug administration via the mouth in two ways: orally or sublingually.
Unlike sublingually drugs, drugs that are taken orally pass through the gastrointestinal (GI) tract and get metabolized by the liver. Once metabolized, the drug is absorbed into the systemic circulation, reaching different body parts via the bloodstream. However, while passing through the stomach,...
Oral Drug Delivery Systems: Introduction
Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement

