Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Murine Fecal Isolation and Microbiota Transplantation
07:32

Murine Fecal Isolation and Microbiota Transplantation

Published on: May 26, 2023

5.6K

Integrated analysis reveals microbiota-metabolite-immune alterations associated with coronary heart disease

Baoquan Ren1, Hong Wang1, Yanyan Cao1

  • 1Cardiac Care Unit, Qinhuangdao Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, Qinhuangdao, Hebei, China.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|April 27, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is linked to gut microbiota changes and reduced microbial diversity. Elevated phenylacetylglutamine (PAGln) in CHD patients may impact immune function, suggesting a connection between gut health and heart disease.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Immunology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine

Background:

  • The interplay between gut microbiota, metabolites, immune system, and coronary heart disease (CHD) is not fully understood.
  • Gut dysbiosis and its impact on immune homeostasis in CHD require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between gut microbiota composition, specific metabolites (TMAO and PAGln), and immune cell subsets in patients with CHD.
  • To explore potential correlations between gut microbial alterations, metabolite levels, and CHD severity.

Main Methods:

  • 16S rRNA gene sequencing for gut microbiota analysis.
  • Mass spectrometry for quantifying plasma trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and phenylacetylglutamine (PAGln).
  • Flow cytometry for assessing T, B, and NK lymphocyte subsets; PICRUSt2 for predicting microbial functions.

Main Results:

  • CHD patients exhibited reduced gut microbial richness and altered microbial composition compared to controls.
  • Plasma PAGln levels were significantly higher in CHD patients, particularly those with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), and correlated positively with CHD severity.
  • PAGln levels negatively correlated with total lymphocytes, T cells, and B cells, suggesting an impact on immune status.

Conclusions:

  • CHD is associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis and reduced microbial richness.
  • Alterations in gut microbiota and elevated PAGln may contribute to immune dysregulation in CHD.
  • These findings highlight the gut microbiome as a potential factor influencing immune homeostasis in coronary heart disease.
Abstract

Keywords:
coronary heart diseasegut microbiotaimmune environmentmetabolitesphenylacetylglutamine

More Related Videos

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing11:22

Microbiota Analysis Using Two-step PCR and Next-generation 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

Published on: October 15, 2019

29.3K

Related Concept Videos

The Oral Microbiota01:27

The Oral Microbiota

The oral microbiome includes a complex ecosystem comprising over 700 microbial species, identified through genomic sequencing and culture-based analyses to date. This community includes a core microbiome, found universally among individuals, and a variable component influenced by environmental factors such as diet, lifestyle, and host genetics. Site-specific conditions, including oxygen gradients, pH levels, and nutrient availability, determine the spatial distribution of these microorganisms...
87
Functions of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Functions of the Gut Microbiota

The gut microbiota includes trillions of microorganisms that colonize the human gastrointestinal tract, including bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi. This complex ecosystem plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal and systemic health. Most of these microbes inhabit the large intestine, establishing a relatively stable and diverse community that contributes to gut homeostasis through various metabolic, immunological, and protective mechanisms.Dominant bacterial phyla, such as...
145
Gut-Brain Axis01:22

Gut-Brain Axis

The gut–brain axis is a bidirectional communication system that connects the gastrointestinal tract and the brain. This interaction is mediated through multiple pathways, including the vagus nerve, hormonal signals, immune responses, and chemical messengers produced by gut microbes.Microbial Contributions to Brain FunctionGut microbiota contributes significantly to brain function by producing neuroactive compounds. These include neuroactive compounds that influence neurotransmitters such...
207
Introduction to the Human Microbiota01:22

Introduction to the Human Microbiota

Microorganisms colonize various regions of the human body, including the mouth, nasal passages, throat, stomach, intestines, urogenital tract, and skin. The total number of microbial cells is estimated to range from 10¹³ to 10¹⁴—comparable to, or exceeding, the number of human somatic cells. This host–microbiome relationship has led to the conceptualization of humans as supraorganisms, wherein microbial communities perform vital roles in development, immunity,...
162
Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
1.8K
Microbiota of the Large Intestine01:27

Microbiota of the Large Intestine

The large intestine hosts the most densely populated microbial ecosystem in the human body. This complex community primarily consists of anaerobic bacteria, with Bacillota (formerly Firmicutes) and Bacteroidota (formerly Bacteroidetes) as the predominant groups. The distribution of these microbes varies along different sections of the large intestine, influenced by local environmental factors such as oxygen availability and nutrient composition.The cecum, located at the beginning of the large...
94