Challenges in Pedicatric Orthodontics and Radiology: Evidence from Recent Studies and Implications for Clinical...

The pediatric population presents unique challenges in dental and maxillofacial radiology and orthodontics. This review aims to highlight the current challenges and explore emerging solutions in pediatric dental radiology and orthodontics.

A comprehensive review of recent literature was conducted to synthesize findings on pediatric dental radiology, orthodontic appliances, and patient management.

Technological advancements, including pre-orthodontic trainers, clear aligners, 3D printing, and AI-driven tools, enhance early intervention, hygiene, precision, and personalized treatment planning. AI models for tooth numbering, detection, and segmentation on panoramic radiographs show high accuracy. Radiographic techniques like CBCT and panoramic tomography are effective for identifying dental issues such as crowding, delayed eruption, impaction, and ectopic eruption, with AI-assisted prediction and deep learning approaches offering promising solutions. CBCT is preferred for diagnosing mandibular asymmetry, but orthopantomography is advisable as a first-line diagnostic tool due to lower radiation exposure. Effective patient cooperation is enhanced through communication, positive reinforcement, and parental involvement, with techniques like the "tell-show-do" method and visual aids improving compliance and reducing anxiety. Innovations like open MRI designs, noise reduction, and virtual reality sessions enhance comfort and cooperation during exams. Given children's higher radiosensitivity, strict adherence to dose reduction protocols, the ALARA principle, and effective communication with families are crucial for managing radiation risks.

Ongoing research and education are essential to ensure optimal care and safety for radiology practices for pediatric patients.