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Effects of essential metals (iron, zinc, and copper) on thyroid diseases - a narrative review

Hongxia Wei1,2, Zhe Li1,2, Zi'ang Liu3,4

  • 1Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China.

Frontiers in Medicine
|April 27, 2026
PubMed

Keywords:
autoimmune thyroid diseasescopperhypothyroidismironthyroid cancerzinc

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