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Mortality Rate and Related Risk Factors in Hospitalized Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients with Diabetes: A

Atousa Najmaldin1, Ali Gohari2, Hoda Aryan1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan. Iran.

Galen Medical Journal
|April 27, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) face a higher risk of severe COVID-19 and increased mortality. This study found that DM significantly elevates COVID-19 mortality risk, with factors like low oxygen saturation worsening outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Research
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • The global COVID-19 pandemic poses significant health risks, particularly for individuals with chronic conditions like diabetes mellitus (DM).
  • Patients with DM are identified as a high-risk group for severe COVID-19 outcomes.
  • Understanding COVID-19 mortality in diabetic populations is crucial for public health strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mortality rate of COVID-19 among patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus.
  • To identify risk factors associated with increased mortality in diabetic COVID-19 patients.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study was conducted with 211 diabetic patients diagnosed with COVID-19.
  • Data collected included patient demographics, clinical characteristics, and treatment details.
  • Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze mortality predictors.

Main Results:

  • The mean age of the diabetic patients was 64.92 years, with 51.7% being male.
  • Overall mortality among diabetic COVID-19 patients was 20.9%.
  • Hypertension and ischemic heart disease were common comorbidities. Cardiovascular disease presence significantly increased mortality. Cough on arrival predicted reduced mortality, while oxygen saturation below 90% significantly increased it.

Conclusions:

  • Diabetes mellitus increases the likelihood of contracting COVID-19 and is associated with a higher mortality rate.
  • Specific clinical indicators like low oxygen saturation are critical predictors of mortality in diabetic patients with COVID-19.
Abstract

Keywords:
Cardiovascular DiseasesCoronavisus-19Diabetes MellitusHypertensionMortality

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