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Increasing the Potential Effectiveness of Universal School Meals through Community- Engaged Implementation Mapping: A

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Community-partnered implementation mapping can improve Universal School Meals (USM) uptake in marginalized communities. Engaging diverse school and district representatives addresses barriers and enhances food security strategies for students.

Keywords:
Childhood ObesityCommunity EngagementExploration Preparation Implementation SustainmentFood InsecurityGetting to EquityHealth EquityImplementation MappingNutritionPolicySchool Meals

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Implementation Science
  • Health Equity

Background:

  • Universal School Meals (USM) are crucial for addressing student hunger in marginalized communities, yet uptake remains low due to various barriers.
  • Community- and school-led strategies are underutilized for improving USM implementation and addressing food insecurity sustainably.
  • Existing barriers exist within both the internal and external school environments affecting student participation in meal programs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engage diverse school and district representatives in a structured implementation mapping process using implementation science and health equity frameworks.
  • To understand the constraints and supports influencing implementation mapping from the perspectives of policy implementers and recipients.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 4 schools (2 intervention, 2 waitlist) for a 4-5 meeting planning process involving school food service, students, parents, teachers, and administrators.
  • Conducted needs assessments, identified target objectives, selected enhancement strategies, and developed implementation plans.
  • Coded meeting transcripts using the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation and Sustainment (EPIS) and Getting to Equity (GTE) frameworks.

Main Results:

  • Engaged 19 participants across 2 intervention schools, with data primarily coded to 'Culture' (EPIS) and 'Increase Healthy Options' (GTE).
  • Analysis revealed that school/district operations and social drivers of health impact equitable USM implementation.
  • Identified four key themes: Infrastructure/Material Barriers, Communication, Stigma & Social Drivers, and Autonomy & Decision Making.

Conclusions:

  • Engaging school and district partners is essential for creating lasting health improvements in underrepresented communities.
  • Successfully facilitated implementation mapping and strategy development through community-partnered research.
  • Demonstrated a model for leveraging community partnerships to drive systemic change in school meal programs.