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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Addiction Medicine
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • The University of Illinois Chicago (UIC) Community Outreach Intervention Project (COIP) deployed a mobile medical unit to provide medication for opioid use disorder (MOUD).
  • Existing knowledge on mobile unit utilization for MOUD is limited to basic retention metrics.
  • This study aimed to characterize diverse patient follow-up patterns within a mobile MOUD service.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize distinct patterns of patient follow-up at a mobile medical unit dispensing MOUD.
  • To compare demographic, substance use, and treatment characteristics across identified follow-up patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) was applied to 12-month follow-up data from 429 patients visiting the mobile unit for MOUD.
  • Patient encounter data from the UIC COIP mobile unit served as the data source.
  • Multinomial logistic regression analyzed characteristics differentiating the identified follow-up groups.

Main Results:

  • Five distinct follow-up patterns were identified: slow-decline (6%), fast-decline (16%), infrequent (18%), continued use (4%), and single-visit (56%).
  • The 'continued use' group exhibited the highest average number of visits.
  • The 'slow-decline' group showed higher rates of insurance and buprenorphine receipt.

Conclusions:

  • Mobile MOUD services demonstrate varied patient engagement patterns beyond simple retention.
  • These patterns offer nuanced insights into how patients utilize mobile units for individualized treatment goals.
  • Future research should explore behavioral factors and external treatment to understand MOUD adherence in relation to mobile unit follow-up.