Nutritional intake, body composition, and psychological well-being in women with hypothyroidism: A cross-sectional...

BackgroundHypothyroidism is a prevalent endocrine disorder with wide-ranging metabolic and psychological consequences. While links between thyroid dysfunction, obesity, and depression are recognized, few studies have concurrently explored dietary factors, body composition, and mental health in women, the most affected population.ObjectivesTo assess dietary and micronutrient intake, body composition, and psychological well-being in women with hypothyroidism compared with euthyroid controls.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, 128 women (64 with hypothyroidism; 64 euthyroid) were evaluated. Dietary and micronutrient intake were assessed via a 24-h recall and food frequency questionnaire analyzed using BEBİS 8.1 Nutrition System. Anthropometric indices included body mass index (BMI) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Psychological status was assessed with the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) and Perceived Stress Scale-10. Multiple linear regressions identified independent predictors of psychological outcomes.ResultsWomen with hypothyroidism exhibited higher BMI (26.58 ± 4.96 vs 23.58 ± 4.56 kg/m²; p = 0.001) and WHR (0.83 ± 0.09 vs 0.79 ± 0.09; p = 0.011). Depression scores were higher in hypothyroid group (BDI-II: 23.9 ± 21.4 vs 15.7 ± 11.6; p = 0.008), whereas perceived stress did not differ (p = 0.752). Micronutrient intake, including iodine and iron, was comparable between groups. BMI and hypothyroidism were independent predictors of depressive symptoms and perceived stress (p < 0.01; Cohen's d = 0.63).ConclusionHypothyroid women exhibit adverse body composition and higher depressive symptoms independent of diet. The associations between adiposity, depression, and stress emphasize the interconnection between metabolic and mental health. These findings highlight the holistic management combining hormonal, nutritional, and psychological care.