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Rapid Finger-Pump Microfluidic Paper-Based Assay Platform for Monitoring Calcium Ions in Human Biofluids.

Kuan-Hsun Huang1, Chin-Chung Tseng2,3, Chia-Chun Lee2,3

  • 1Department of Engineering Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.

Biosensors
|April 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel microfluidic platform for rapid, point-of-care calcium monitoring in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. The device accurately quantifies calcium levels in small biofluid samples, aiding in CKD-mineral and bone disorder management.

Keywords:
CKDbloodcalcium ionsmicrofluidicserumurine

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Clinical Diagnostics

Background:

  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) management requires serial calcium monitoring due to its impact on mineral homeostasis and cardiovascular health.
  • Current calcium measurement methods using centralized analyzers are accurate but not suitable for rapid point-of-care testing with limited biofluid volumes.
  • CKD-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) is a common complication, necessitating accessible diagnostic tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a finger-actuated microfluidic colorimetric platform for rapid calcium ion determination in human biofluids.
  • To enable point-of-care calcium measurement using microliter-scale samples relevant to CKD patient monitoring.
  • To assess the platform's performance against established assays for clinical CKD specimens.

Main Methods:

  • A microfluidic platform was engineered using a 3D PMMA/paper microchip with integrated filtration and a compact reader for optical detection.
  • A finger-actuated mechanism was employed to process small biofluid volumes (6 μL) and facilitate reaction with a pre-deposited murexide reagent.
  • Optimized reaction conditions (1.6% reagent, 50 °C, 3 min) were established to achieve a logarithmic relationship between signal intensity and calcium concentration.

Main Results:

  • The developed platform demonstrated a strong logarithmic correlation (R² = 0.9905) for calcium quantification in the 1-40 mg/dL range, with a detection limit of 0.2 mg/dL.
  • The system accurately measured calcium concentrations in various biofluids, including whole blood, serum, and urine.
  • Results from 80 clinical CKD specimens showed high agreement (R² > 0.97) with the NM-BAPTA reference assay.

Conclusions:

  • The finger-actuated microfluidic colorimetric platform offers a viable solution for rapid, point-of-care calcium measurement in CKD management.
  • This technology facilitates efficient monitoring of calcium levels using minimal sample volumes, addressing limitations of conventional laboratory assays.
  • The platform's accuracy and close correlation with reference methods support its potential clinical utility in diagnosing and managing CKD-MBD.