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Updated: Apr 28, 2026

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A Miniaturized and Modular Wearable Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) Sensing Module for High-Density

Mengjie Fang1, Xinlong Liu1, Bowen Ji2

  • 1School of Information and Intelligent Science, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China.

Biosensors
|April 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new wearable functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) system offers high-resolution brain blood flow monitoring. This modular device accurately maps cerebral hemodynamics for advanced neuroscience research.

Keywords:
brain functional imagingfNIRShemoglobinmodular designneurovascular couplingwearable

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Medical Devices

Background:

  • Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is crucial for non-invasive brain monitoring.
  • Existing fNIRS systems often lack modularity, scalability, and high-resolution capabilities.
  • Wearable systems require robust signal acquisition and efficient optical coupling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a modular and scalable wearable fNIRS system for high-resolution cerebral hemodynamic signal acquisition.
  • To enhance optical coupling and signal-to-noise ratio in wearable fNIRS.
  • To validate the system's performance in real-world physiological experiments.

Main Methods:

  • Designed a wearable fNIRS system with compact optoelectronic modules and mixed short/long-separation channels.
  • Integrated a quartz light guide structure for improved probe-scalp optical coupling.
  • Conducted in vivo experiments including forearm arterial occlusion, Valsalva maneuver, and working memory tasks.

Main Results:

  • The system accurately detected hemodynamic changes during blood flow occlusion and reperfusion (Cohen's d > 0.9).
  • Successfully resolved the biphasic neurovascular coupling response in the prefrontal cortex during a Valsalva maneuver.
  • Identified task-related brain activation during a working memory task with significant right-lateralization (p = 0.023).

Conclusions:

  • The developed wearable fNIRS system demonstrates high-resolution mapping of regional hemodynamic changes.
  • The system exhibits excellent signal-to-noise ratio and temporal dynamic response.
  • This provides an effective solution for advanced multi-channel wearable fNIRS applications.