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Labeling DNA Probes

Labeling DNA Probes

DNA probes are fragments of DNA labeled with a reporter tag to enable their detection or purification. The resulting labeled DNA probes can then hybridize to target nucleic acid sequences through complementary base-pairing, and may be used to recover or identify these regions.
Radioisotopes, fluorophores, or small molecule binding partners like biotin or digoxigenin, are the most widely used reporter tags for labeling DNA probes. These labels can be attached to the probe DNA molecule via...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 30, 2026

Development of an Electrochemical DNA Biosensor to Detect a Foodborne Pathogen

Development of an Electrochemical DNA Biosensor to Detect a Foodborne Pathogen

Published on: June 3, 2018

A Guanine-Enhanced Graphene-DNA Paper-Based Sensing Platform Enabling Sensitive Hg²⁺ Detection.

Zihao Wu¹, Jingyan Li¹, Haixia Shi²

¹School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.

|April 27, 2026

Summary

A novel paper-based graphene sensor detects toxic mercury ions (Hg²⁺) using DNA probes. Optimizing DNA sequence design with four guanine bases achieved highly sensitive mercury detection for environmental monitoring.

Keywords:

biosensor electrochemical detection environmental monitoring graphene mercury ions

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Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Materials Science
Biotechnology

Background:

Mercury ions (Hg²⁺) present significant toxicity to human health and ecosystems.
Sensitive and reliable detection methods are crucial for environmental monitoring of mercury pollution.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a paper-based graphene sensor for sensitive detection of mercury ions (Hg²⁺).
To investigate the impact of DNA probe structure, specifically the number of guanine bases, on sensor performance for Hg²⁺ detection.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a paper-based graphene sensor functionalized with single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) probes.
Design and synthesis of DNA constructs with varying guanine base content (3-6 bases) in the bridging fragment.
Systematic evaluation of hairpin stability, Hg²⁺ binding affinity, and sensor response.

Main Results:

The sensor utilizing DNA with four guanine bases (DNA3) demonstrated optimal electronic stability and sensitivity.
A low detection limit of 0.673 pM for Hg²⁺ was achieved.
Effective real-time monitoring of Hg²⁺ in aqueous media was demonstrated.

Conclusions:

DNA sequence design is critical for optimizing T-Hg²⁺-T-based biosensors.
The developed graphene sensor offers a promising strategy for sensitive and selective detection of mercury ions in environmental samples.