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Related Concept Videos

Enlargement of the Plasma Membrane01:22

Enlargement of the Plasma Membrane

Cell division and enlargement are processes that require precise control. The control ensures that cell division cannot proceed unless the cell has grown to a specific size. A spherical, dividing cell requires an approximately 1.6X increase in its surface area to double its volume. The secretory pathway also has a significant role in cell membrane enlargement. Secretory vesicles that bud off from the Golgi apparatus and later fuse with the plasma membrane during exocytosis are a major source of...

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Size Enlargement Enabled Functional Profiling of Extracellular Vesicle at Single-Particle Level.

Jia Yao1, Xianyue Ji1, Xingyu Tao1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (LoFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China.

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Researchers developed a novel method to analyze extracellular vesicles (EVs) functionally at the single-vesicle level. This technique enables precise profiling of macrophage-derived EVs by detecting nitric oxide production within individual vesicles.

Keywords:
extracellular vesiclesheterogeneitymacrophages

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are crucial biomarkers for liquid biopsies.
  • Current methods struggle to resolve functionally distinct EV subpopulations at the single-vesicle level.
  • Existing single-EV analyses often lack intravesicular functional information.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a single-particle detection strategy for functional EV profiling.
  • To enable the analysis of macrophage-derived EVs.
  • To overcome limitations of bulk analyses and current single-EV methods.

Main Methods:

  • Engineered liposomal probes encapsulating substrates and a nitric oxide (NO)-responsive fluorescent dye.
  • Probes fuse with EV membranes, delivering contents into the vesicle lumen.
  • Detection of NO production by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) within EVs via fluorescence microscopy.

Main Results:

  • Successfully profiled macrophage-derived EVs at the single-vesicle level.
  • Demonstrated vesicle-restricted NO production and signal generation.
  • Achieved specific and localized fluorescent signaling within individual EVs.

Conclusions:

  • The fusion-enabled EV detection strategy provides functional insights at the single-vesicle level.
  • This method overcomes heterogeneity issues in EV analysis.
  • Offers a new approach for biomarker discovery and functional characterization of EVs.