Primary Stability of Implants Inserted Using Different Osseodensification Systems in Low-Density Bone: An In Vitro...

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Dental Implantology
• Surgical Techniques

Background:

• Mechanical stability in low-density bone is crucial for dental implant success.
• The optimal drilling strategy for maximizing implant stability remains debated.
• The role of insertion torque in determining primary implant stability is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare the primary stability of dental implants using conventional (CV), undersized (US), and osseodensification (OD) drilling protocols.
• To evaluate and compare three osseodensification systems: Versah burs (V), Bone Reamer Drills (WF), and Master Conical Densifiers (DSP).

Main Methods:

• In vitro study using 11 bone blocks for each drilling protocol and system comparison.
• External-hexagon implants were placed epicrestally.
• Insertion torque and implant stability quotients (ISQs) via resonance frequency analysis were measured.

Main Results:

• Osseodensification (OD) yielded significantly higher ISQ than conventional (CV) drilling, comparable to undersized (US).
• OD significantly increased insertion torque compared to both CV and US.
• Bone Reamer Drills (WF) and Master Conical Densifiers (DSP) showed higher ISQ than Versah burs (V), with DSP providing the highest insertion torque.

Conclusions:

• The osseodensification (OD) protocol enhances implant stability and insertion torque in low-density bone compared to conventional (CV) methods.
• Specific osseodensification systems (WF, DSP) offer superior ISQ compared to others (V), with DSP achieving the highest insertion torque.
• A weak-to-moderate correlation between insertion torque and ISQ suggests high torque does not always equate to superior mechanical stability.