Sulfated Polysaccharides in Cancer Therapy: A Focus on Algal-Derived Bioactive

Area of Science:

• Marine biotechnology
• Oncology
• Biochemistry

Background:

• Sulfated polysaccharides (SPs) are biologically active macromolecules with diverse structures and significant therapeutic potential.
• SPs possess anticancer properties including immunomodulation, apoptosis induction, metastasis suppression, and angiogenesis inhibition.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the therapeutic potential, mechanisms of action, and emerging applications of sulfated polysaccharides in cancer therapy.
• To highlight the role of SPs in targeting critical cancer pathways and enhancing conventional treatments.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of studies on sulfated polysaccharides in cancer research.
• Analysis of SP mechanisms, including their effects on cellular pathways (e.g., NF-kB, VEGF, PI3K/Akt) and the tumor microenvironment.
• Examination of innovative drug delivery systems, such as SP-based nanoparticles.

Main Results:

• SPs, like fucoidan and carrageenan, demonstrate potent anticancer activities as standalone or synergistic agents.
• SPs effectively target key cancer pathways, disrupt tumor growth and metastasis, and possess antioxidant properties.
• Advancements in SP-based nanoparticles improve bioavailability and targeted drug delivery, reducing toxicity.

Conclusions:

• Sulfated polysaccharides offer a promising avenue for developing novel, efficient, and safer cancer therapies.
• Overcoming challenges in structural complexity, scalability, and clinical validation is crucial for widespread adoption.
• Continued research in extraction, characterization, and clinical trials will unlock the full potential of SPs in oncology.