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Multiscale Interface Engineering for Orthopedic and Dental Implants: A Review.

Fiza Ashraf1, Ataf Ali Altaf2

  • 1Department of Chemistry, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal 57000, Pakistan.

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|April 27, 2026
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Summary

Multiscale interface engineering enhances orthopedic and dental implants by improving stability and biological responses. This approach aims to increase implant lifespan and support bone and oral reconstruction.

Keywords:
antimicrobial and immune-modulatory implantslong-term clinical performance of implantsmultiscale interface engineeringnano-textured bioactive coatingsorthopedic and dental implant surfaces

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Orthopedic Engineering
  • Dental Implantology

Background:

  • Multiscale interface engineering integrates macroscale, microscale, and nanoscale features in implant design.
  • These engineered surfaces aim to improve mechanical stability, biological integration, and microbial resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate biological responses including protein adsorption, osteogenic differentiation, tissue sealing, and macrophage polarization.
  • To evaluate functional barriers related to stress transfer, fatigue resistance, and biofilm control.
  • To review clinical data in arthroplasty and dental implantology.

Main Methods:

  • Structured literature search across major scientific databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar) from 2000-2025.
  • Selection and detailed review of approximately 140 relevant publications from an initial pool of 320 articles.

Main Results:

  • Engineered surfaces promote early implant fixation and osseointegration.
  • Long-term implant performance is influenced by host variability, mechanical loading, coating integrity, and microbial pressure.
  • Multiscale interface engineering shows promise for enhancing implant longevity and biological reconstruction.

Conclusions:

  • Multiscale interface engineering is a dynamic field for improving implant performance.
  • Further research is needed to fully understand long-term outcomes considering biological and mechanical factors.
  • This approach is crucial for advancing skeletal and oral reconstruction with implants.