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Updated: Apr 28, 2026

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Strain-Dependent Protective Innate Immunity Against Pneumocystis Pneumonia in Mice.

Paul C Inzerillo1, Francis Gigliotti1, Terry W Wright1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Infectious Diseases, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA.

Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland)
|April 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A specific mouse strain, AKR/J, shows strong innate immunity against Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) that relies on alveolar macrophages, not T cells. This discovery offers a new model for studying PCP and how Pneumocystis evades immune responses.

Keywords:
Pneumocystis pneumoniainnate immunitymacrophageopportunistic pathogen

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) is a severe fungal infection primarily affecting immunocompromised individuals.
  • Adaptive immunity, especially CD4+ T cells, is crucial for controlling Pneumocystis infection.
  • Mechanisms of Pneumocystis immune evasion, particularly by alveolar macrophages, remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the genetic basis of resistance to Pneumocystis infection.
  • Identify the immune mechanisms underlying resistance in specific mouse strains.
  • Establish a new model for studying Pneumocystis-macrophage interactions in PCP pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Tested susceptibility to Pneumocystis infection across different inbred mouse strains.
  • Assessed the role of T lymphocytes (CD4+ and CD8+) in resistance.
  • Depleted alveolar macrophages to evaluate their contribution to protective immunity.

Main Results:

  • The AKR/J mouse strain demonstrated significant resistance to Pneumocystis infection, independent of T cells.
  • Depletion of alveolar macrophages rendered AKR/J mice susceptible to PCP.
  • FVB/NJ mice also showed resistance, but AKR/J's mechanism highlights innate immunity.

Conclusions:

  • The AKR/J mouse strain provides a novel model for studying innate immune resistance to PCP.
  • Alveolar macrophages play a critical role in the AKR/J strain's resistance to Pneumocystis.
  • Understanding these macrophage-mediated mechanisms may reveal insights into human PCP pathogenesis and immune evasion strategies.