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Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidant Activity: Analytical Methods and Current Knowledge-A Review.

Miroslav Lisjak1, Marija Špoljarević1, Jelena Ravlić1

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|April 27, 2026
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review highlights methods for extracting and analyzing plant-derived phenolic compounds, crucial antioxidants for health and food. Standardization is key for accurate assessment of their antioxidant activity across research and industry.

Keywords:
DPPHFRAPHPLCORACdetection methodsoxidative stress

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Area of Science:

  • Food Science
  • Nutritional Science
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Phenolic compounds are vital plant-derived antioxidants with significant health and food preservation benefits.
  • Their anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and anti-carcinogenic properties drive research in nutrition, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture.
  • Accurate assessment of antioxidant activity is essential due to oxidative stress in biological and food systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically review methodologies for extracting, detecting, and quantifying phenolic compounds.
  • To evaluate various analytical approaches for assessing their antioxidant activity.
  • To identify challenges and propose solutions for standardized phenolic compound analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of conventional (Soxhlet, maceration) and advanced extraction techniques (ultrasound-assisted, microwave-assisted, supercritical fluid extraction).
  • Review of detection methods including spectrophotometric assays (DPPH, FRAP, ORAC), electrochemical sensors, and chromatography (HPLC, HPLC-MS).
  • Evaluation of in vitro, in vivo, and ex vivo approaches for antioxidant activity assessment.

Main Results:

  • Extraction efficiency depends on matrix, polarity, and phenolic subclass.
  • Diverse detection methods offer different advantages but lack standardization.
  • Variations in protocols and the chemical diversity of phenolics complicate analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Standardized and integrated approaches are crucial for reliable and comparable evaluation of phenolic antioxidant activity.
  • Improved methodologies will enhance research accuracy and industrial applications.
  • Addressing standardization gaps is vital for advancing the understanding and utilization of phenolic compounds.