Metal-Organic Frameworks for CO₂ Capture: Improving Adsorption Performance Through Modification Methods.

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Chemical Engineering
• Environmental Science

Background:

• Industrial CO2 emissions pose significant health risks, necessitating effective carbon capture methods.
• Current technologies like chemical absorption and membrane separation face challenges including high energy costs and low efficiency.
• Physical adsorption using advanced materials is emerging as a promising alternative for CO2 capture.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review strategies for enhancing the CO2 adsorption performance of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs).
• To explore how modifications like aperture adjustment, metal ion doping, functional group doping, and computational screening impact MOF performance.
• To provide guidance for the rational design of MOF-based adsorbents for industrial carbon capture.

Main Methods:

• Summarizing modification strategies for MOFs, including aperture adjustment, metal ion doping, and functional group doping.
• Discussing the role of computational screening in identifying optimal MOF structures.
• Analyzing the mechanism-dependent performance enhancements in modified MOFs.

Main Results:

• Moderate aperture adjustment and defect engineering improve CO2 capture capacity and selectivity.
• Doped metal ions, especially in MOF-74, enhance CO2 uptake while maintaining framework integrity.
• Functional group doping is effective for capturing low-partial-pressure CO2, and computational screening now considers broader performance metrics.

Conclusions:

• MOF modifications offer a pathway to improved CO2 adsorption performance.
• Optimizing MOFs requires balancing affinity, selectivity, capacity, stability, and energy efficiency for industrial viability.
• This review guides the rational design of MOF adsorbents for efficient carbon capture.