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A Recombinant Subunit Vaccine Against Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus Elicits Protective Immunity via VP2-Assisted
Shihao Li1, Mingxue Hu1, Yanping Zhang1
1Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150001, China.
Vaccines
|April 27, 2026
Summary
A novel subunit vaccine using co-refolded VP1 and VP2 proteins from Chicken Infectious Anemia Virus (CIAV) shows promise. This cost-effective approach offers a safer alternative to traditional vaccines for controlling CIAV in poultry.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Immunology
- Vaccine Development
Background:
- Chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) causes significant economic losses in the poultry industry.
- Existing vaccines have limitations, including residual virulence, necessitating new strategies.
- Recent severe outbreaks in China highlight the urgent need for effective CIAV control.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop a cost-effective and safer subunit vaccine against CIAV.
- To evaluate the protective efficacy of a novel VP1/VP2 protein complex vaccine.
Main Methods:
- Cloned and expressed VP1 and VP2 genes of CIAV in *Escherichia coli*.
- Employed a VP2-assisted co-refolding strategy to restore VP1 conformational epitopes.
- Vaccinated SPF chickens with refolded VP1/VP2 complexes at different ratios and challenged with virulent CIAV.
Main Results:
- The 1:1 VP1:VP2 ratio formulation demonstrated the highest protective efficacy (71.4%).
- Vaccinated chickens showed significantly reduced thymic atrophy and improved thymus index.
- The refolding strategy successfully restored conformational epitopes crucial for protection.
Conclusions:
- An economical prokaryotic expression system and rational refolding strategy can produce a protective CIAV subunit vaccine candidate.
- This approach offers a promising alternative for CIAV disease control in poultry.
- The study validates the feasibility of subunit vaccines for CIAV.
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