Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 1, 2026

Rapid Molecular Detection and Differentiation of Influenza Viruses A and B
05:38

Rapid Molecular Detection and Differentiation of Influenza Viruses A and B

Published on: January 30, 2017

15.2K

Impact of Influenza Vaccination on Mortality and Major Cardiovascular Events in Adults with Cardiovascular Disease: A

Sitah Alotaibi1, Mazen Bostaji2, Anas Alharbi3

  • 1Faculty of Nursing, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia.

Vaccines
|April 27, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Influenza vaccination significantly reduces cardiovascular events and cardiovascular mortality in adults with established cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, it does not significantly lower all-cause mortality, indicating its role in secondary CVD prevention.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Immunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major global health burden.
  • Seasonal influenza outbreaks are known triggers for acute cardiovascular events.
  • The role of influenza vaccination in secondary CVD prevention requires clarification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of influenza vaccination in reducing mortality and major cardiovascular events in adults with established CVD.
  • To synthesize evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on influenza vaccination's impact on cardiovascular outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and meta-analysis of RCTs.
  • Searched PubMed, Google Scholar, and CENTRAL up to November 2025.
  • Included RCTs comparing influenza vaccine to placebo or standard care in adults with established CVD.
  • Assessed study quality using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 2.

Main Results:

  • Eight RCTs met inclusion criteria.
  • Influenza vaccination significantly reduced a composite outcome of all-cause mortality, acute myocardial infarction, and stent thrombosis (OR 0.71).
  • Major adverse cardiovascular events were significantly decreased (OR 0.44).
  • Cardiovascular mortality was significantly lower in vaccinated individuals (OR 0.64).
  • All-cause mortality was not significantly reduced (OR 1.13).

Conclusions:

  • Influenza vaccination is associated with reduced cardiovascular events and cardiovascular mortality in adults with established CVD.
  • The vaccine's effect on all-cause mortality remains inconclusive.
  • Supports routine influenza vaccination as an adjunctive strategy for secondary CVD prevention.

Keywords:
cardiovascular diseaseinfluenza vaccinationmajor adverse cardiovascular eventsmortalityrandomized controlled trials

More Related Videos

Using Zebrafish Models of Human Influenza A Virus Infections to Screen Antiviral Drugs and Characterize Host Immune Cell Responses09:07

Using Zebrafish Models of Human Influenza A Virus Infections to Screen Antiviral Drugs and Characterize Host Immune Cell Responses

Published on: January 20, 2017

9.8K
A Method to Assess Fc-mediated Effector Functions Induced by Influenza Hemagglutinin Specific Antibodies04:47

A Method to Assess Fc-mediated Effector Functions Induced by Influenza Hemagglutinin Specific Antibodies

Published on: February 23, 2018

7.1K

Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures01:26

Coronary Artery Disease IV: Preventive Measures

Effective preventive measures for coronary artery disease (CAD) focus on controlling modifiable risk factors, including cholesterol abnormalities and lifestyle changes.Cholesterol ManagementFirst, the Mediterranean diet and the American Heart Association advocate for maintaining low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels below 100 mg/dL, with a more stringent recommendation of below 70 mg/dL for individuals at high risk. LDL cholesterol, often termed "bad cholesterol," can lead to the...
Angina IV: Management01:26

Angina IV: Management

IntroductionThe management of angina requires a comprehensive approach that includes pharmacological therapies, medical procedures, and lifestyle modifications.Pharmacological TherapiesAntiplatelet agents, such as aspirin, clopidogrel, prasugrel, and ticagrelor, play a pivotal role in preventing thrombus formation in patients with angina. These medications inhibit platelet aggregation and reduce the likelihood of myocardial infarction and other cardiovascular events.Anticoagulants, including...
Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease01:27

Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease

Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
A key area of focus in PNI is the relationship between stress and coronary...
Influenza01:27

Influenza

Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...