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Finishing Barrow Skeletal Muscle Performance and Fatigue Response to Large-Dose Nicotinamide Riboside

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High-dose nicotinamide riboside (NR) supplementation in pigs enhances fatigue resistance by increasing NAD+ and mitochondrial biomarkers. This supports sustained muscle activity and improves welfare during transport.

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Nutritional Biochemistry
  • Exercise Physiology

Background:

  • Muscle fatigue in market-weight pigs poses economic, food security, and welfare challenges during transport.
  • Nicotinamide riboside (NR) supplementation has previously shown promise in reducing muscle fatigue.
  • This study investigates higher NR doses for enhanced fatigue resistance and mitochondrial function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if a higher dose of NR (150 mg/kg) improves fatigue resistance in barrows compared to a control.
  • To characterize the effects of NR supplementation on muscle mitochondria content and efficiency.
  • To analyze NAD+ levels and mitochondrial DNA expression in response to NR treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Eighty-seven barrows received either 0 mg/kg (0NR) or 150 mg/kg (150NR) of NR for 14 days.
  • Muscle biopsies were collected to measure NAD+ and mitochondrial DNA expression.
  • Barrows underwent a fatigue performance test, with electromyography (nRMS) recorded.

Main Results:

  • 150NR supplementation increased normalized root mean square (nRMS) in specific muscles during prolonged activity, indicating sustained muscle recruitment.
  • NR supplementation significantly increased muscle NAD+ levels by day 7 and 14.
  • Mitochondrial DNA expression and electron transport chain complex activities were elevated in the 150NR group by day 14.

Conclusions:

  • High-dose NR supplementation enhances fatigue resilience in barrows.
  • Increased NAD+ and mitochondrial biomarkers appear to be the primary mechanisms, not improved mitochondrial efficiency.
  • NR supplementation shows potential for improving animal welfare and reducing transport-related stress.