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Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Evaluation of Hepatic Glucose Production in a Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Mouse Model
Published on: March 5, 2022
Diagnostic Criteria and Genetic Basis of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Narrative Review
María de Los Angeles Cepero-González1, Adriana Aguilar-Galarza1,2, Víctor Manuel Rodríguez-García2,3
1Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro 76230, Mexico.
Abstract:
This study reviews the main candidate genes involved in the pathophysiology of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS). PCOS is a common endocrine-metabolic disorder in women of reproductive age, characterized by menstrual irregularity, hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology. It is associated with increased metabolic and cardiovascular risk and is a leading cause of infertility. Although its pathophysiology is not fully understood, alterations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, insulin metabolism, and steroidogenesis have been described. Polymorphisms in genes encoding hormones, enzymes, and receptors in these pathways contribute to clinical variability and ethnic differences, offering potential for early diagnosis and personalized medicine. This review summarizes key candidate genes related to insulin metabolism (INS, INSR, IRS-1), the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis (LHβ, LHCGR, FSHR, GnRHR, AMH, AMHR2, KISS1, CAPN10), steroidogenesis (CYP11A, CYP17A1, CYP19A1, CYP21, 17β-HSD, SHBG, AR, STAR), and other clinically relevant mechanisms such as obesity, lipid metabolism (PPARG, VDR, FTO), and follicular development (ACE).
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