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Human Health Risk Assessment During the Synthesis and Application of Engineered Nanomaterials in a Controlled
Mosima Letsoalo1, Masilu Daniel Masekameni2, Charlene Andraos3,4
1Occupational and Environmental Exposure and Health Division, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa.
Toxics
|April 27, 2026
Summary
Exposure to engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) via inhalation poses health risks. This study measured ENM emissions, finding silver nanoparticle concentrations exceeded occupational limits, necessitating continuous monitoring and risk management.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Health Sciences
- Nanotoxicology
- Occupational Health
Background:
- Inhalation of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) is a primary exposure route, leading to deep lung penetration and potential adverse health effects.
- Human health risk assessment is crucial for evaluating ENM-related risks.
- Real-time instrumentation is vital for monitoring ENM emissions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To measure ENM emissions during synthesis and application processes.
- To evaluate human health risks associated with ENM exposure using a risk assessment model.
- To compare measured ENM concentrations with occupational exposure limits (OELs) and nano reference values.
Main Methods:
- Real-time monitoring of ENM emissions using NanoScan SMPS and OPS Spectrometer.
- Calculation of mass-based time-weighted average concentrations for AgNPs and MWCNTs.
- Application of measured concentrations in the ModelRisk human health risk assessment model.
Main Results:
- Silver nanoparticle (AgNP) concentrations exceeded the OEL (0.19 µg/m³).
- Multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) concentrations were below the OEL (1 µg/m³).
- Gold nanoparticle (AuNP) synthesis exceeded the nano reference value (20,000 particles/cm³), while application did not.
Conclusions:
- ENM concentration is a key factor in determining health risk.
- Graphene 2D nanomaterials may pose risks similar to AgNPs, AuNPs, and MWCNTs.
- Continuous monitoring, further risk assessment, and proactive risk management are essential.
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