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Advances in Antiviral Drug Development Targeting Enteroviruses: From Viral Proteins to Host Factors

Jiaying Lu1, Congyi Li1, Wenzhe Cui1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, Center of Infectious Diseases and Pathogen Biology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.

Viruses
|April 27, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Enteroviruses cause significant disease in children, including hand-foot-and-mouth disease and acute flaccid myelitis. This review explores antiviral research for enteroviruses, highlighting challenges and future directions for drug development.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Enteroviruses are significant human pathogens, particularly affecting children under five.
  • They are linked to hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) and acute flaccid myelitis (AFM), with potential for severe neurological complications.
  • While some EV-A71 vaccines exist, direct antiviral treatments for severe enterovirus infections are lacking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key findings in enterovirus antiviral research.
  • To analyze the advantages and limitations of various drug targets.
  • To identify knowledge gaps for advancing antiviral development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of enterovirus antiviral research.
  • Analysis of viral protein and host factor targets.
  • Evaluation of drug candidate efficacy and safety profiles.

Main Results:

  • Several antiviral strategies targeting viral proteins and host factors have shown promise.
  • Challenges include limited efficacy and side effects of current drug candidates.
  • Existing vaccines are genotype-specific and do not offer broad protection.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed to develop effective direct antiviral agents for enteroviruses.
  • Addressing identified knowledge gaps is crucial for successful drug development.
  • A comprehensive understanding of viral mechanisms and host interactions is essential.
Keywords:
antiviralenterovirushand-foot-mouth disease

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