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Allium-Derived Compounds Against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria: Antibacterial Activity and Synergistic Effects.

Antonio Sorlózano-Puerto1, Yariel Figueroa-Vega1, Pablo Martín-Valenzuela1

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Allium-derived organosulfur compounds show promise against antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Propyl-propane-thiosulfonate (PTSO) was most effective against Gram-positive strains, with partial synergy with aminoglycosides suggesting combination therapy potential.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Pharmacology
  • Natural Products Chemistry

Background:

  • Antibiotic resistance poses a significant global health threat, exacerbated by drug misuse and a lack of novel antimicrobial agents.
  • Allium-derived organosulfur compounds are known for their antimicrobial properties and potential to enhance antibiotic efficacy.
  • The study addresses the urgent need for new strategies to combat multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the in vitro antibacterial activity of four Allium-derived organosulfur compounds.
  • To evaluate the synergistic potential of these compounds when combined with conventional antibiotics against MDR bacteria.
  • To identify promising natural compounds for combating the growing challenge of antibiotic resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 330 multidrug-resistant clinical isolates (Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative bacilli).
  • Determination of antibacterial activity using broth microdilution for four Allium compounds: propyl-propane-thiosulfinate, propyl-propane-thiosulfonate (PTSO), butyl-butane-thiosulfinate, and butyl-butane-thiosulfonate.
  • Assessment of synergy with antibiotics using the checkerboard method in 24 representative isolates.

Main Results:

  • Propyl-propane-thiosulfonate (PTSO) demonstrated significant activity against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus agalactiae) with MIC50/MIC90 values of 4-8 µg/mL.
  • Antibacterial activity of PTSO against Gram-negative bacteria was limited, although it was the most potent among the tested Allium compounds.
  • Checkerboard assays revealed predominantly indifferent interactions, but partial synergistic effects were observed between PTSO and aminoglycosides in both Gram-positive and Gram-negative isolates.

Conclusions:

  • Propyl-propane-thiosulfonate (PTSO) exhibits notable antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens.
  • The limited efficacy against Gram-negative bacteria suggests a targeted application for PTSO.
  • Partial synergy with aminoglycosides indicates a potential role for combination therapy strategies involving Allium-derived compounds to overcome antibiotic resistance.