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Related Concept Videos

Perception01:28

Perception

1.8K
Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
Bottom-up processing begins at the sensory level, where receptors detect external environmental stimuli. These could include the tactile sensation of...
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Encoding01:19

Encoding

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Information enters the brain through encoding, which is the input of information into the memory system. Once sensory information is received from the environment, the brain labels or codes it. The information is then organized with similar information and connected to existing concepts. Encoding occurs through automatic processing and effortful processing.
Automatic processing involves the encoding of details like time, space, frequency, and the meaning of words, usually done without conscious...
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Sensory Modalities01:15

Sensory Modalities

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Sensation typically is the process by which the sensory receptors and sense organs detect stimuli from the internal and external environment and transmit this information to the central nervous system for processing.
General senses refer to the broad category of sensory information detected by receptors in the body and can be further grouped into somatic and visceral senses. Somatic sensations include touch, pressure, temperature, and pain and are essential for navigating our environment and...
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Factors Affecting Perception01:25

Factors Affecting Perception

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Perception is influenced by perceptual set, context, motivation, and emotion. Perceptual set, or perceptual expectancy, refers to the tendency to perceive things in a particular way, influenced by previous experiences and expectations. This phenomenon affects the interpretation of stimuli, creating a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that impact sensory perceptions of sound, taste, touch, and sight.
An illustrative example of a perceptual set is the scenario where an airline pilot told...
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Introduction to Special Senses01:26

Introduction to Special Senses

6.6K
Sensory receptors play an integral part in comprehending our external and internal environments. They receive diverse stimuli, converting them into the nervous system's electrochemical signals. This conversion occurs as the stimulus alters the sensory neuron's cell membrane potential, instigating the generation of an action potential. This action potential is subsequently transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), which integrates with other sensory data or higher cognitive...
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Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System01:11

Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System

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The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
The receptor level:
The receptor level is the first stage of sensation. It involves the detection of a stimulus by specialized sensory receptors. The stimulus must arrive within the receptor's receptive field. Next, the receptor converts the energy of the...
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Updated: Apr 28, 2026

A Semantic Priming Event-related Potential ERP Task to Study Lexico-semantic and Visuo-semantic Processing in Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Perceiving semantic attributes.

C J Brainerd1, Minyu Chang2, Xinya Liu1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Cornell University.

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
|April 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Semantic attribute processing in memory encoding is continuous, not categorical. Emotional attributes show a different strength-difficulty relationship than age and size attributes.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Semantic attributes (e.g., valence, familiarity) are crucial for episodic memory.
  • Previous research has normed attribute strengths but understanding of their processing during encoding is limited.
  • Key questions involve how attribute strength affects processing difficulty and if processing is categorical.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between semantic attribute strength and processing difficulty.
  • To determine if attribute processing is categorical (strong vs. weak) or continuous.
  • To examine differences in processing across attribute types (age, emotion, size).

Main Methods:

  • Experiments 1 and 2 used marker attributes from age, emotion, and size axes.
  • Four models of processing difficulty were tested using judgment latency and variability.
  • Experiment 3 specifically investigated categorical processing of attribute strength.

Main Results:

  • Age and size attributes followed an ambiguity model of processing difficulty.
  • Emotion attributes aligned with linear and psychophysical models.
  • Attribute strength was processed continuously, not categorically.

Conclusions:

  • Processing difficulty is a continuous function of attribute strength.
  • The relationship between attribute strength and difficulty differs significantly between emotional attributes and age/size attributes.
  • Findings challenge categorical views of semantic attribute processing in memory encoding.