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Related Concept Videos

Sound Waves: Resonance01:14

Sound Waves: Resonance

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Resonance is produced depending on the boundary conditions imposed on a wave. Resonance can be produced in a string under tension with symmetrical boundary conditions (i.e., has a node at each end). A node is defined as a fixed point where the string does not move. The symmetrical boundary conditions result in some frequencies resonating and producing standing waves, while other frequencies interfere destructively. Sound waves can resonate in a hollow tube, and the frequencies of the sound...
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Standing Waves in a Cavity01:28

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A household microwave and lasers are examples of standing electromagnetic waves in a cavity. When two conducting metal plates are placed parallel at the nodal planes, it creates a cavity where standing waves are formed. The cavity between the two planes is analogous to a stretched string held at the points x = 0 and x = L. Here, the distance 'L' between the two planes must be an integer multiple of half of the wavelength. The wavelengths that satisfy this condition are given by:
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Unsoundness of Aggregate due to Volume Change01:26

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Unsoundness in aggregates due to volume changes is primarily caused by the physical alterations aggregates undergo, such as freezing and thawing, thermal changes, and wetting and drying. Unsound aggregates, when subjected to these changes, result in volume change upon disintegration. This, in turn, contributes to the deterioration of concrete, including scaling, pop-outs, and cracking. Particular types of aggregates, such as porous flints, cherts, and those containing clay minerals, are...
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Sound Waves: Interference00:53

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Sound waves can be modeled either as longitudinal waves, wherein the molecules of the medium oscillate around an equilibrium position, or as pressure waves. When two identical waves from the same source superimpose on each other, the combination of two crests or two troughs results in amplitude reinforcement known as constructive interference. If two identical waves, that are initially in phase, become out of phase because of different path lengths, the combination of crests with troughs...
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Characteristics of Series Resonant Circuit

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Series resonance occurs in a circuit containing inductive (L), capacitive (C), and resistive (R) elements connected sequentially. At the resonance frequency, the inductive and capacitive reactances are equal in magnitude but opposite in sign, effectively canceling each other. This causes the circuit's impedance is minimal, primarily determined by the resistance R. The resonant frequency of an RLC circuit is defined as:
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Modes of Standing Waves: II01:04

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The starting point for expressing the modes of standing waves is understanding the boundary conditions that the waves must follow. The boundary conditions are derived from the physical understanding of how the standing waves are sustained, that is, how the vibrating particles of the medium behave at the boundaries imposed on them.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 28, 2026

Fabrication and Characterization of Thickness Mode Piezoelectric Devices for Atomization and Acoustofluidics
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Impedance-Matched High-Overtone Thickness-Shear Bulk Acoustic Resonators With Scalable Mode Volume.

Zi-Dong Zhang1,2, Zhen-Hui Qin1, Yi-Han He1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.

Advanced Science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)
|April 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel laterally excited high-overtone bulk acoustic resonator (X-HTBAR) that overcomes limitations of conventional designs. The X-HTBAR offers improved performance and flexibility for microwave signal processing applications.

Keywords:
high‐overtone bulk acoustic resonatorsimpedance‐matchedlithium niobatemicrowave signal processingthickness‐shear‐mode

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrical Engineering
  • Physics

Background:

  • High-overtone bulk acoustic resonators (HBARs) are crucial for microwave signal processing due to high quality factors and multimode operation.
  • Conventional HBARs face challenges including impedance mismatch, spurious modes, and limited design flexibility for resonant mode volumes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an alternative architecture for multimode acoustic resonators.
  • To address the limitations of conventional HBARs through a novel design.

Main Methods:

  • Demonstration of a laterally excited high-overtone thickness-shear bulk acoustic resonator (X-HTBAR) using a 3 µm 128° Y-cut LiNbO3 film on a high-resistivity Si substrate.
  • Utilizing a planar electrode configuration for elastic energy confinement and stable free spectral ranges.
  • Employing gridded electrodes to suppress spurious modes.

Main Results:

  • Achieved comb-like phonon spectra from 0.1-1.8 GHz with quality factors ranging from 10^3 to 10^5.
  • Demonstrated frequency-quality products exceeding 10^13.
  • Enabled tunable resonant mode volumes from 0.008 to 0.064 mm^3 due to the strong electromechanical coupling of LiNbO3.

Conclusions:

  • The developed X-HTBAR offers a promising alternative architecture for multimode acoustic resonators.
  • This design overcomes key limitations of conventional HBARs, paving the way for advanced microwave and electro-acoustic systems.