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Related Concept Videos

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery01:19

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.  
Step 3: Assess the patient's forehead...

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Infrared Thermography-Assisted Identification of Intraoperative-Acquired Pressure Injuries Risk and Analysis of Risk

Ying Xu1,2, Qianqian Zhu2, Xiaoqiong Jiang2

  • 1School of Nursing, Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University, Ningbo, China.

Advances in Skin & Wound Care
|April 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Infrared thermography (IRT) effectively identifies patients at risk for intraoperative-acquired pressure injuries (IAPIs). Maintaining SpO2 above 93% during surgery helps prevent IAPIs and reduces high-risk cases.

Keywords:
infrared thermographyintraoperative acquired pressure injuriesrisk factorsskin temperaturesurgerythermal image

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Imaging
  • Surgical Safety
  • Patient Monitoring

Background:

  • Intraoperative-acquired pressure injuries (IAPIs) are a concern in prolonged surgeries.
  • Early identification of IAPI risk is crucial for prevention.
  • Current methods may not adequately predict IAPI development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate infrared thermography (IRT) for identifying IAPI risk.
  • To analyze factors contributing to IAPI occurrence and high risk.
  • To assess the utility of IRT in surgical patient care.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective observational study with 323 general anesthesia patients.
  • Infrared thermal imaging of the sacrum captured preoperatively and postoperatively.
  • Sacral skin assessment using International Staging Criteria for Pressure Injuries.
  • Univariate and logistic regression analyses for risk factor identification.

Main Results:

  • 12 cases (3.72%) of Stage 1 IAPIs were observed.
  • IRT identified 45 patients (13.9%) at high risk for IAPIs.
  • Preoperative hospitalization, intraoperative SpO2 ≤93% were risk factors for IAPIs.
  • Age, BMI, and intraoperative SpO2 ≤93% were risk factors for high-risk IAPIs.

Conclusions:

  • Infrared thermography is a valuable tool for detecting IAPI risk.
  • Maintaining intraoperative SpO2 >93% is key to reducing IAPI occurrence and risk.
  • IRT can guide preventative strategies for pressure injuries during surgery.