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Assessment of Child Anthropometry in a Large Epidemiologic Study
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Long-Term Cardiovascular Risks Associated with Childhood Obesity: A Systematic Literature Review.

Pankaj Soni1,2, Manjunath Mallikarjuna Nagalli3

  • 1Department of Neonatology, Thumbay University Hospital, Ajman, UAE.

Turkish Archives of Pediatrics
|April 27, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Childhood obesity significantly increases adult cardiovascular disease risk, including hypertension and diabetes. Early interventions are crucial for prevention and mitigating long-term health consequences.

Keywords:
Cardiovascular diseasesdyslipidemiaeating habitshypertensionpediatric obesitypsychosocial risk factors

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Pediatrics
  • Cardiology

Background:

  • Pediatric obesity is a growing global health concern.
  • Childhood obesity elevates the risk of adult cardiovascular diseases, influenced by socioeconomic and demographic factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review cardiovascular complications linked to pediatric obesity.
  • Focus on hypertension, dyslipidemia, and metabolic disorders in adulthood.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review adhering to PRISMA guidelines (2000-2024).
  • Searched PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase for studies on childhood obesity and cardiovascular risk.
  • Included longitudinal studies of individuals under 18 with obesity, evaluating adult cardiovascular risk.

Main Results:

  • Twenty-five longitudinal studies confirm childhood obesity as a major predictor of adult cardiovascular disease.
  • Pediatric obesity induces early cardiovascular changes like arterial stiffness, endothelial dysfunction, and diabetes.
  • Socioeconomic status and demographics, particularly in lower-income populations, exacerbate risks through poor lifestyle and healthcare access.

Conclusions:

  • Strong association exists between pediatric obesity and future cardiovascular complications.
  • Early interventions and comprehensive prevention strategies are essential.
  • Future research should prioritize longitudinal studies to develop sustainable solutions.